LGBTQ+ activists in Ukraine, Bosnia, and Moldova are optimistic that the process of joining the European Union could bolster their fight for equality. This comes in the wake of the European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen’s announcement recommending talks for these countries to join the EU, provided they meet certain conditions related to the rule of law and democracy. Georgia, along with other countries like Albania and Serbia, has also been added to the list of candidate countries, a move celebrated by LGBTQ+ groups.
The EU’s Role in Promoting LGBTQ+ Equality
The EU membership process involves obligations for member states to adopt anti-discrimination legislation, including protections based on sexual orientation in the workplace. The EU can also exert pressure on countries to progress LGBTQ+ rights by withdrawing funding for non-compliance with these standards. Moreover, rulings by the Court of Justice of the EU can mandate countries to uphold LGBTQ+ rights, offering a legal framework for advancing equality.
Concerns Amidst Geo-Political Rivalry
While the EU’s enlargement is back on the agenda, partly due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, there are concerns that the urgency to admit new members could overshadow pro-equality policies. Activists fear that in the rush to expand, LGBTQ+ rights might not be given due importance.
Backsliding on LGBTQ+ Rights in Candidate Countries
The countries in question currently rank low in terms of LGBTQ+ rights progress, according to ILGA-Europe. They do not recognize same-sex civil unions or offer legal protections for transgender individuals, key issues for LGBTQ+ activists. Recent backsliding on LGBTQ+ rights in EU members like Poland and Hungary has added to these concerns.
The Potential of EU Membership as a Lever for Change
Despite the challenges, the prospect of EU membership remains a significant motivator for advancing LGBTQ+ rights. The EU’s influence, including financial penalties for non-compliance, is seen as a crucial mechanism to promote equality. In Ukraine, there have been some positive developments, such as a bill tabled to recognize same-sex partnerships, highlighting the potential for progress as countries work towards EU integration.
A Long Road Ahead
With the ongoing war and geopolitical complexities, the timeline for these countries’ membership in the EU is uncertain, potentially extending beyond 2030. Delays in the accession process could lead to setbacks in LGBTQ+ rights, as warned by activists in candidate countries.
The prospect of EU membership for Ukraine, Bosnia, and Moldova offers a potential pathway for significant advancements in LGBTQ+ rights. However, the journey towards equality is complex and contingent on sustained commitment from both the candidate countries and the EU to prioritize and uphold these fundamental rights.
